vanadium batteries造句

• Sulfuric acid-based vanadium batteries only work between about 10 to 40 癈 . Below that temperature range, the ion-infused sulfuric acid crystallizes.
• The vanadium battery system is also a potential candidate for intermediate energy storage in quick charging stations because of its high power density and extremely good endurance in daily use.
• For several reasons, including their relatively bulky size, most vanadium batteries are currently used for grid energy storage, such as being attached to power plants or electrical grids.
• When the vanadium battery is being charged, the VO 2 + ions in the positive half-cell are converted to VO 2 + ions when electrons are removed from the positive terminal of the battery.
• As vanadium battery systems are estimated to range between $ 350 $ 600 per kWh, a battery that can service one hundred customers in a 24-hour period at 50 kWh per charge would cost $ 1.8-$ 3 million.